{"id":456,"date":"2016-04-19T17:50:21","date_gmt":"2016-04-19T17:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/artzine.is\/?p=456"},"modified":"2016-10-07T19:10:28","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T19:10:28","slug":"outsider-art-1-hluti-uppruni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artzine.is\/?p=456","title":{"rendered":"Outsider Art! 1. hluti \/ Uppruni"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Verk eftir svissneska listamanninn Adolf W\u00f6lfli (29.02.1864 \u2013 06.11.1930)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_title title=“on“ meta=“off“ author=“off“ date=“off“ date_format=“M j, Y“ categories=“on“ comments=“off“ featured_image=“off“ featured_placement=“below“ parallax_effect=“on“ parallax_method=“on“ text_orientation=“left“ text_color=“dark“ text_background=“off“ text_bg_color=“rgba(255,255,255,0.9)“ admin_label=“Post Title“ title_font=“Lato|on|||“ title_font_size=“35px“ title_all_caps=“on“ use_border_color=“off“ border_color=“#ffffff“ border_width=“1px“ border_style=“solid“ disabled=“off“] [\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section transparent_background=“off“ background_color=“rgba(255,255,255,0)“ allow_player_pause=“off“ inner_shadow=“off“ parallax=“off“ parallax_method=“off“ custom_padding=“-100px|||“ padding_mobile=“off“ make_fullwidth=“on“ use_custom_width=“off“ width_unit=“on“ custom_width_px=“1080px“ custom_width_percent=“80%“ make_equal=“off“ use_custom_gutter=“off“ fullwidth=“off“ specialty=“on“ parallax_1=“off“ parallax_2=“off“ parallax_method_1=“off“ parallax_method_2=“off“ padding_top_1=“-20px“ admin_label=“Section“ disabled=“off“][et_pb_column type=“2_3″ specialty_columns=“2″ disabled=“off“ padding_top=“-20px“ parallax=“off“ parallax_method=“off“][et_pb_row_inner padding_mobile=“off“ use_custom_gutter=“off“ make_equal=“off“ column_padding_mobile=“off“ parallax_1=“off“ parallax_method_1=“on“ parallax_2=“off“ parallax_method_2=“on“ parallax_3=“off“ parallax_method_3=“on“ disabled=“off“][et_pb_column_inner type=“4_4″ saved_specialty_column_type=“2_3″ disabled=“off“ column_padding_mobile=“off“ parallax=“off“ parallax_method=“on“][et_pb_text background_layout=“light“ text_orientation=“left“ admin_label=“a\u00f0altexti“ use_border_color=“off“ border_style=“solid“ disabled=“off“]<\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00edslensku er ekki til yfirheiti sem l\u00fdsir \u00feeirri list sem flokka m\u00e1 sem \u201eoutsider\u201c myndlist. \u00dea\u00f0 er til d\u00e6mis tala\u00f0 um al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulist og na\u00edva list, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamenn og na\u00edvista l\u00edkt og A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur gerir \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni ,,Einfarar \u00ed \u00edslenskri myndlist\u2018\u2018\u00a0 (A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson, 1989). Algengt yfirheiti \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum vettvangi um listsk\u00f6pun ja\u00f0arh\u00f3pa er \u201eoutsider art\u201c. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Innan \u00feeirrar skilgreiningar r\u00famast list f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 \u00feroskah\u00f6mlun, einfara, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamanna, naivista og f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma svo d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u tekin. \u00cd skilgreiningunni felst a\u00f0 listaf\u00f3lki\u00f0 er \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um \u00f3l\u00edkt neytendum listarinnar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r forsendur sem settar eru \u00ed r\u00edkjandi menningu\u00a0(Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>\n

Uppruna hugtaksins \u201eoutsider\u201c list m\u00e1 rekja til \u00fe\u00fdska ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins og listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins\u00a0Hans Prinzhorn<\/strong> sem \u00e1ri\u00f0 1922 birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 verkum f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 stofnunum. \u00cd b\u00f3kinni rannsakar hann m\u00f6rkin \u00e1 milli ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og sk\u00f6punar sj\u00faklinga ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasa og er ein fyrsta tilraunin\u00a0a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 greina listaverk sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 af f\u00f3lki me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma.\u00a0Prinzhorn safna\u00f0i m\u00f6rg \u00fe\u00fasund listaverkum sem hann fann \u00e1 h\u00e6lum v\u00ed\u00f0s vegar um Evr\u00f3pu sem unnin voru af f\u00f3lki sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 h\u00e6lum og ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasum og bj\u00f3 oft vi\u00f0 mikla einangrun (Prinzhorn, 1922\/1972; Tansella, 2007; Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>\n

Stuttu \u00e1\u00f0ur en Prinzhorn birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar sinnar gaf l\u00e6knirinn Walter Morgenthaler<\/strong> \u00fat fyrstu ranns\u00f3knina \u00e1 verkum svissneska listamannsins Adolf W\u00f6lfli.<\/strong> W\u00f6lfli \u00e1tti erfi\u00f0a \u00e6vi og var vista\u00f0ur, r\u00e9tt r\u00famlega \u00fer\u00edtugur, \u00e1 svissnesku h\u00e6li \u00fear sem Morgenthaler starfa\u00f0i. \u00c1 h\u00e6linu vann hann \u00f3tal verk \u00e1 30 \u00e1ra t\u00edmabili, inniloka\u00f0ur \u00ed klefa og \u00fatiloka\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 samf\u00e9laginu.<\/p>\n

Verk \u00feessi v\u00f6ktu mikinn \u00e1huga og h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1hrif inn \u00ed listheiminn og \u00e1 verk listamanna eins og Jean Dubuffet og Andr\u00e9 Breton<\/strong>, sem kenndir eru vi\u00f0 Dada og s\u00ed\u00f0ar s\u00farrealisma. Innan \u00feessara stefna er mikill \u00e1hugi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1\u00f0a, sj\u00e1lfsprottna og draumkennda, \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem \u00feykja gjarnan hva\u00f0 merkilegastir \u00ed verkum \u201eoutsider\u201c listaf\u00f3lks (Tansella, 2007). Breton skrifa\u00f0i og gaf \u00fat stefnuyfirl\u00fdsingu s\u00farrealismans \u00e1ri\u00f0 1924, \u00ed henni skilgreinir hann s\u00farrealisma \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt:<\/p>\n

Skr\u00e1setningu hugsunarinnar \u00e1n nokkurrar stj\u00f3rnar af h\u00e1lfu skynseminnar, laus vi\u00f0 allar fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegar huglei\u00f0ingar\u00a0<\/em>(Breton, 2001, bls. 420).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1948 var\u00f0 til formlegur f\u00e9lagsskapur listamanna sem leiddur var m.a. af franska listamanninum Jean Dubuffet<\/strong>, sem f\u00f3r markvisst \u00e1 milli ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00e6la \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og safna\u00f0i verkum eftir f\u00f3lk sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 h\u00e6lunum. \u00cd \u00feeim f\u00e9lagsskap sameinu\u00f0u nokkrir listamenn s\u00f6fn af verkum sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u safna\u00f0 eftir f\u00f3lk \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri samf\u00e9lagsins og settu s\u00e9r \u00fea\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna og safna verkum eftir ja\u00f0arlistamenn. Yfirheiti f\u00e9lagsskaparins var Art Brut<\/strong> sem \u00e1 ensku \u00fatleggst sem ,,Raw art\u201c e\u00f0a hr\u00e1 list. Listamennirnir s\u00f6fnu\u00f0u verkum sem voru ger\u00f0 af f\u00f3lki sem var utan almenna listheimsins, f\u00f3lki sem var \u00f3l\u00e6rt og samkv\u00e6mt \u00feeirra bestu vitund \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 um listasenuna og listaverk annarra. Dubuffet lag\u00f0i merkingu ,,art brut\u201c upp \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri list sem v\u00e6ri \u00f3snortin af menningu og utana\u00f0komandi \u00e1hrifum. \u00dearna v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a list sem v\u00e6ri hrein, sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu af innri \u00fe\u00f6rf listamannsins \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 taka tillit til \u00feess a\u00f0 verkin yr\u00f0u s\u00fdnd n\u00e9 \u00ed hva\u00f0a samhengi \u00feau yr\u00f0u s\u00fdnd e\u00f0a hvort vi\u00f0komandi g\u00e6ti or\u00f0i\u00f0 fr\u00e6gur e\u00f0a gr\u00e6tt \u00e1 listsk\u00f6puninni. \u00deessi markvissa s\u00f6fnun var\u00f0 a\u00f0 formlegu safni \u00e1ri\u00f0 1979, Collection de l’Art Brut museum<\/strong> \u00ed Lausanne \u00ed Sviss og var fyrsti safnstj\u00f3rinn Michel Th\u00e9vos<\/strong> (Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var svo \u00e1ri\u00f0 1972 sem breski pr\u00f3fessorinn Roger Cardinal<\/strong>, vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Kent, kynnti til s\u00f6gunnar hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eoutsider art\u201c<\/strong> sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 heitinu ,,art brut\u2018\u2018 \u00feegar hann birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar um \u201eoutsider art\u201c (Cardinal, 2000). \u00dea\u00f0 hugtak hefur fest sig \u00ed sessi sem yfirheiti yfir list ja\u00f0arh\u00f3pa og felur \u00ed s\u00e9r brei\u00f0ari skilgreiningu en ,,raw art\u201c skilgreiningin ger\u00f0i og gerir. \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 Cardinal hafi \u00e6tlast til a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 n\u00e6\u00f0i yfir s\u00f6mu vi\u00f0fangsefni og ,,art brut\u201c \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0la\u00f0ist hugtaki\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt l\u00edf og mun brei\u00f0ari tilv\u00edsun (Tansella, 2007). Fyrsti s\u00fdningarstj\u00f3ri safnsins \u00ed Lausanne, Michel Th\u00e9voz,<\/strong> m\u00f3ta\u00f0i \u00feessa skilgreiningu \u00e1 ,,art brut\u201c og \u201eoutsider\u201c list til a\u00f0greiningar fr\u00e1 na\u00edvri list sem hann taldi a\u00f0 \u00e6tti s\u00e9r sterkari tengsl vi\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0arandann \u00ed listum og menningu. Th\u00e9voz segir ,,art brut\u201c og ,,outsider\u201c list samanstanda af verkum sem ger\u00f0 eru af f\u00f3lki sem af margv\u00edslegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um hefur ekki veri\u00f0 menningarlega innr\u00e6tt e\u00f0a f\u00e9lagslega skilyrt. F\u00f3lki sem dvelur \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri samf\u00e9lagsins og vinnur utan fagurlista (e. fine art) kerfisins (sk\u00f3la, s\u00fdningarsta\u00f0a\/galler\u00eda, safna o.s.frv.) og skapar fr\u00e1 r\u00f3tum eigin pers\u00f3nuleika, fyrir sj\u00e1lft sig og engan annan, verk sem fela \u00ed s\u00e9r fram\u00farskarandi frumleika \u00ed inntaki, vi\u00f0fangsefnum og t\u00e6kni. \u00deetta eru verk sem standa algerlega \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 hef\u00f0 e\u00f0a t\u00edsku (Th\u00e9voz, 1976). Skilgreining Th\u00e9voz l\u00fdsir \u00feeim skilningi sem lag\u00f0ur er \u00ed hugtaki\u00f0 ,,art brut\u201c \u00e1 meginlandi Evr\u00f3pu annars vegar og hins vegar \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum og v\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hugtaki\u00f0 ,,outsider art\u201c er regnhl\u00edfarheiti yfir ja\u00f0arlist af \u00fdmsum toga.<\/p>\n

Margr\u00e9t M. Nor\u00f0dahl<\/em><\/p>\n

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Heimildir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson. (1989). Naive and fantastic art in Iceland<\/em>. Reykjav\u00edk: Iceland Review.<\/p>\n

Breton, A. (2001). Stefnuyfirl\u00fdsing S\u00farrealismans, (Benedikt Hjartarson \u00fe\u00fdddi). \u00cd Vilhj\u00e1lmur \u00c1rnason (ritstj.), Yfirl\u00fdsingar: Evr\u00f3pska fram\u00farstefnan<\/em> (bls. 420). Reykjav\u00edk: Hi\u00f0 \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lag.<\/p>\n

Cardinal, R. (1972). Outsider art<\/em>. London: Studio Vista.<\/p>\n

Prinzhorn, H. (1972). The artistry of the insane <\/em>(Eric von Brockdorff \u00a0\u00fe\u00fdddi). New York: Springer Science + Business Media.<\/p>\n

Rhodes, C. (2000). Outsider art, spontaneous alternatives<\/em>. Thames & Hudson: London<\/p>\n

Tansella, C. (2007) The long and winding journey of Outsider Art. A historical perspective. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale<\/em>, 16 (2), bls. 133-138 S\u00f3tt af http:\/\/www.psychiatry.univr.it\/page_eps\/docs\/2007_2_Tansella_Carole.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00e9voz, Michel (1976). Art Brut. Geneva: Editions d\u00b4Art Albert Skira. Bls 9-10.<\/p>\n

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Verk eftir svissneska listamanninn Adolf W\u00f6lfli (29.02.1864 \u2013 06.11.1930) \u00c1 \u00edslensku er ekki til yfirheiti sem l\u00fdsir \u00feeirri list sem flokka m\u00e1 sem \u201eoutsider\u201c myndlist. \u00dea\u00f0 er til d\u00e6mis tala\u00f0 um al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulist og na\u00edva list, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamenn og na\u00edvista l\u00edkt og A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur gerir \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni ,,Einfarar \u00ed \u00edslenskri myndlist\u2018\u2018\u00a0 (A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson, 1989). Algengt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[caption id=\"attachment_453\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"269\"]\"einfarar\" Einfarar \u00ed \u00edslenskri myndlist eftir A\u00f0alstein Ing\u00f3lfsson[\/caption]

\u00c1 \u00edslensku er ekki til yfirheiti sem l\u00fdsir \u00feeirri list sem flokka m\u00e1 sem \u201eoutsider\u201c myndlist. \u00dea\u00f0 er til d\u00e6mis tala\u00f0 um al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulist og na\u00edva list, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamenn og na\u00edvista l\u00edkt og A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson <\/strong>listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur gerir \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni ,,Einfarar \u00ed \u00edslenskri myndlist\u2018\u2018\u00a0 (A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson, 1989). Algengt yfirheiti \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum vettvangi um listsk\u00f6pun ja\u00f0arh\u00f3pa er \u201eoutsider art\u201c. <\/em>Innan \u00feeirrar skilgreiningar r\u00famast list f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 \u00feroskah\u00f6mlun, einfara, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamanna, naivista og f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma svo d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u tekin. \u00cd skilgreiningunni felst a\u00f0 listaf\u00f3lki\u00f0 er \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um \u00f3l\u00edkt neytendum listarinnar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r forsendur sem settar eru um \u00fea\u00f0 sem e\u00f0lilegt m\u00e1 telja \u00ed r\u00edkjandi menningu\u00a0(Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_457\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"243\"]\"prinzhorn\" Artistry of the mentally ill eftir Hans Prinzhorn[\/caption]

Uppruna hugtaksins \u201eoutsider\u201c list m\u00e1 rekja til \u00fe\u00fdska ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins og listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins\u00a0Hans Prinzhorn<\/strong> sem \u00e1ri\u00f0 1922 birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 verkum f\u00f3lks me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 stofnunum. \u00cd b\u00f3kinni rannsakar hann m\u00f6rkin \u00e1 milli ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og sk\u00f6punar sj\u00faklinga ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasa og er ein fyrsta tilraunin\u00a0a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 greina listaverk sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 af f\u00f3lki me\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma.\u00a0Prinzhorn safna\u00f0i m\u00f6rg \u00fe\u00fasund listaverkum sem hann fann \u00e1 h\u00e6lum v\u00ed\u00f0s vegar um Evr\u00f3pu sem unnin voru af f\u00f3lki sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 h\u00e6lum og ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasum og bj\u00f3 oft vi\u00f0 mikla einangrun (Prinzhorn, 1922\/1972; Tansella, 2007; Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_459\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"265\"]\"w\u00f6lfi\" Verk eftir Adolf W\u00f6lfli[\/caption]

\"morgenthaler\"Stuttu \u00e1\u00f0ur en Prinzhorn birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar sinnar gaf l\u00e6knirinn Walter Morgenthaler<\/strong> \u00fat fyrstu ranns\u00f3knina \u00e1 verkum svissneska listamannsins Adolf W\u00f6lfli.<\/strong> W\u00f6lfli \u00e1tti erfi\u00f0a \u00e6vi og var vista\u00f0ur, r\u00e9tt r\u00famlega \u00fer\u00edtugur, \u00e1 svissnesku h\u00e6li \u00fear sem Morgenthaler starfa\u00f0i. \u00c1 h\u00e6linu vann hann \u00f3tal verk \u00e1 30 \u00e1ra t\u00edmabili, inniloka\u00f0ur \u00ed klefa og \u00fatiloka\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 samf\u00e9laginu.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_458\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"220\"] Andr\u00e9 Breton[\/caption]

Verk \u00feessi v\u00f6ktu mikinn \u00e1huga og h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1hrif inn \u00ed listheiminn og \u00e1 verk listamanna eins og Jean Dubuffet og Andr\u00e9 Breton<\/strong>, sem kenndir eru vi\u00f0 Dada og s\u00ed\u00f0ar s\u00farrealisma. Innan \u00feessara stefna er mikill \u00e1hugi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1\u00f0a, sj\u00e1lfsprottna og draumkennda, \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem \u00feykja gjarnan hva\u00f0 merkilegastir \u00ed verkum \u201eoutsider\u201c listaf\u00f3lks (Tansella, 2007). Breton skrifa\u00f0i og gaf \u00fat stefnuyfirl\u00fdsingu s\u00farrealismans \u00e1ri\u00f0 1924, \u00ed henni skilgreinir hann s\u00farrealisma \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt:<\/p>

Skr\u00e1setningu hugsunarinnar \u00e1n nokkurrar stj\u00f3rnar af h\u00e1lfu skynseminnar, laus vi\u00f0 allar fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegar huglei\u00f0ingar\u00a0<\/em>(Breton, 2001, bls. 420).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_461\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"503\"]\"dubuffet\" Slavko Kopac, Michel Th\u00e9voz og Jean Dubuffet[\/caption]

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1948 var\u00f0 til formlegur f\u00e9lagsskapur listamanna sem leiddur var m.a. af franska listamanninum Jean Dubuffet<\/strong>, sem f\u00f3r markvisst \u00e1 milli ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00e6la \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og safna\u00f0i verkum eftir f\u00f3lk sem vista\u00f0 var \u00e1 h\u00e6lunum. \u00cd \u00feeim f\u00e9lagsskap sameinu\u00f0u nokkrir listamenn s\u00f6fn af verkum sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u safna\u00f0 eftir f\u00f3lk \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri samf\u00e9lagsins og settu s\u00e9r \u00fea\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna og safna verkum eftir ja\u00f0arlistamenn. Yfirheiti f\u00e9lagsskaparins var Art Brut<\/strong> sem \u00e1 ensku \u00fatleggst sem ,,Raw art\u201c e\u00f0a hr\u00e1 list. Listamennirnir s\u00f6fnu\u00f0u verkum sem voru ger\u00f0 af f\u00f3lki sem var utan almenna listheimsins, f\u00f3lki sem var \u00f3l\u00e6rt og samkv\u00e6mt \u00feeirra bestu vitund \u00f3me\u00f0vita\u00f0 um listasenuna og listaverk annarra. Dubuffet lag\u00f0i merkingu ,,art brut\u201c upp \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri list sem v\u00e6ri \u00f3snortin af menningu og utana\u00f0komandi \u00e1hrifum. \u00dearna v\u00e6ri um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a list sem v\u00e6ri hrein, sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu af innri \u00fe\u00f6rf listamannsins \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 taka tillit til \u00feess a\u00f0 verkin yr\u00f0u s\u00fdnd n\u00e9 \u00ed hva\u00f0a samhengi \u00feau yr\u00f0u s\u00fdnd e\u00f0a hvort vi\u00f0komandi g\u00e6ti or\u00f0i\u00f0 fr\u00e6gur e\u00f0a gr\u00e6tt \u00e1 listsk\u00f6puninni. \u00deessi markvissa s\u00f6fnun var\u00f0 a\u00f0 formlegu safni \u00e1ri\u00f0 1979, Collection de l'Art Brut museum<\/strong> \u00ed Lausanne \u00ed Sviss og var fyrsti safnstj\u00f3rinn Michel Th\u00e9vos<\/strong> (Rhodes, 2000).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_462\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"221\"]\"Cardinal\" Outsider art eftir Roger Cardinal[\/caption]

\u00dea\u00f0 var svo \u00e1ri\u00f0 1972 sem breski pr\u00f3fessorinn Roger Cardinal<\/strong>, vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Kent, kynnti til s\u00f6gunnar hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eoutsider art\u201c<\/strong> sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00e1 heitinu ,,art brut\u2018\u2018 \u00feegar hann birti ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knar um \u201eoutsider art\u201c (Cardinal, 2000). \u00dea\u00f0 hugtak hefur fest sig \u00ed sessi sem yfirheiti yfir list ja\u00f0arh\u00f3pa og felur \u00ed s\u00e9r brei\u00f0ari skilgreiningu en ,,raw art\u201c skilgreiningin ger\u00f0i og gerir. \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 Cardinal hafi \u00e6tlast til a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 n\u00e6\u00f0i yfir s\u00f6mu vi\u00f0fangsefni og ,,art brut\u201c \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0la\u00f0ist hugtaki\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt l\u00edf og mun brei\u00f0ari tilv\u00edsun (Tansella, 2007). Fyrsti s\u00fdningarstj\u00f3ri safnsins \u00ed Lausanne, Michel Th\u00e9voz,<\/strong> m\u00f3ta\u00f0i \u00feessa skilgreiningu \u00e1 ,,art brut\u201c og \u201eoutsider\u201c list til a\u00f0greiningar fr\u00e1 na\u00edvri list sem hann taldi a\u00f0 \u00e6tti s\u00e9r sterkari tengsl vi\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0arandann \u00ed listum og menningu. Th\u00e9voz segir ,,art brut\u201c og ,,outsider\u201c list samanstanda af verkum sem ger\u00f0 eru af f\u00f3lki sem af margv\u00edslegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um hefur ekki veri\u00f0 menningarlega innr\u00e6tt e\u00f0a f\u00e9lagslega skilyrt. F\u00f3lki sem dvelur \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri samf\u00e9lagsins og vinnur utan fagurlista (e. fine art) kerfisins (sk\u00f3la, s\u00fdningarsta\u00f0a\/galler\u00eda, safna o.s.frv.) og skapar fr\u00e1 r\u00f3tum eigin pers\u00f3nuleika, fyrir sj\u00e1lft sig og engan annan, verk sem fela \u00ed s\u00e9r fram\u00farskarandi frumleika \u00ed inntaki, vi\u00f0fangsefnum og t\u00e6kni. \u00deetta eru verk sem standa algerlega \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 hef\u00f0 e\u00f0a t\u00edsku (Th\u00e9voz, 1976). Skilgreining Th\u00e9voz l\u00fdsir \u00feeim skilningi sem lag\u00f0ur er \u00ed hugtaki\u00f0 ,,art brut\u201c \u00e1 meginlandi Evr\u00f3pu annars vegar og hins vegar \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum og v\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hugtaki\u00f0 ,,outsider art\u201c er regnhl\u00edfarheiti yfir ja\u00f0arlist af \u00fdmsum toga.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Heimildir:<\/strong><\/p>

A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson. (1989). Naive and fantastic art in Iceland<\/em>. Reykjav\u00edk: Iceland Review.<\/p>

Breton, A. (2001). Stefnuyfirl\u00fdsing S\u00farrealismans, (Benedikt Hjartarson \u00fe\u00fdddi). \u00cd Vilhj\u00e1lmur \u00c1rnason (ritstj.), Yfirl\u00fdsingar: Evr\u00f3pska fram\u00farstefnan<\/em> (bls. 420). Reykjav\u00edk: Hi\u00f0 \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lag.<\/p>

Cardinal, R. (1972). Outsider art<\/em>. London: Studio Vista.<\/p>

Prinzhorn, H. (1972). The artistry of the insane <\/em>(Eric von Brockdorff \u00a0\u00fe\u00fdddi). New York: Springer Science + Business Media.<\/p>

Rhodes, C. (2000). Outsider art, spontaneous alternatives<\/em>. Thames & Hudson: London<\/p>

Tansella, C. (2007) The long and winding journey of Outsider Art. A historical perspective. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale<\/em>, 16 (2), bls. 133-138 S\u00f3tt af http:\/\/www.psychiatry.univr.it\/page_eps\/docs\/2007_2_Tansella_Carole.pdf<\/a><\/p>

Th\u00e9voz, Michel (1976). Art Brut. Geneva: Editions d\u00b4Art Albert Skira. Bls 9-10.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-umfjollun","tag-outsider-art"],"yoast_head":"\nOutsider Art! 1. hluti \/ Uppruni - artzine.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/artzine.is\/?p=456\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"is_IS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Outsider Art! 1. hluti \/ Uppruni - artzine.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Verk eftir svissneska listamanninn Adolf W\u00f6lfli (29.02.1864 \u2013 06.11.1930) \u00c1 \u00edslensku er ekki til yfirheiti sem l\u00fdsir \u00feeirri list sem flokka m\u00e1 sem \u201eoutsider\u201c myndlist. \u00dea\u00f0 er til d\u00e6mis tala\u00f0 um al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulist og na\u00edva list, al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ulistamenn og na\u00edvista l\u00edkt og A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson listfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur gerir \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni ,,Einfarar \u00ed \u00edslenskri myndlist\u2018\u2018\u00a0 (A\u00f0alsteinn Ing\u00f3lfsson, 1989). 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